An Outstanding Multicultural Manager Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

An Outstanding Multicultural Manager - Assignment Example No one should be discriminated against in any way. Being committed to educational equity, I have to ensure that everyone has access to it. I will fight for all equities, be it racial, gender or sexual orientation. I will reevaluate value system or worldview to ensure that I don’t justify my inattention to any given group of underrepresented or disenfranchised students because of such worldview or value system (Ramsey, 16). Secondly, I can give lessons to my students regarding the critical multicultural issues like poverty, sexism, racism, and heterosexism. To ensure that cultural diversity is well addressed and practiced fully, I will start imparting knowledge on such issues to younger students because children from disenfranchised communities begin experiencing the problems at the youngest ages. Thirdly, I can provide an integrated multicultural curriculum all the year, every day and not just during special celebrations or months. This will ensure that the students are continuously learning how to deal with cultural diversity. Fourthly, I can practice correct pronunciation of each student’s full name so that every student can feel included. Students do not have to change or shorten their names to make it easy to be pronounced by anybody. This will contribute to making students feel cared for and not discriminated against. Fifthly, I can make sure that students that come from disenfranchised communities are fairly treated and not placed unjustly into lower academic tracks (Ramsey, 125). Moreover, I can tirelessly fight to get them into talented and gifted programs. In order to also benefit high achievers, I can fight tracking altogether. Sixthly, I can direct my effort towards building coalitions with other teachers who are from the different race, gender, sexual orientation, religion, class, home language, and so on.

PSYCHOLOGY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

PSYCHOLOGY - Essay Example It is a perfect example of what life is all about, and how to lead a righteous life. The tests reveal a hidden bias just like it is meant to disclose. I completed two demonstration implicit preferences tests: one for skin tone and the other for age. Skin tone IAT reveals automatic preference for light skin compared to dark skin. I believed that my preference for light skin to dark skin was neutral. This means that I do not have any automatic preference for any skin tone. The results from the demonstration tests show that I have â€Å"little to no automatic preference between Light Skinned People and Dark Skinned People†. Age IAT is a test that often shows the level of automatic preference for the young over old people. In this test, I gave my answer as preferring old over the young. The results, however, indicate that I have a high level of preference for the young over the old. Strong automatic preference for the young over old is 35%, moderate automatic preference is 29%, while slight automatic preference is 16%. Overall results show that I have â€Å"a mo derate automatic preference for Young compared to Old†. From these results I have learnt that I have some hidden bias. This could affect intercultural communication because of the unknown bias towards certain communities or cultures. Ethnocentrism is the consideration of one’s culture as superior to others, so that, the culture and its practices are used as a standard for interpreting norms, communication, values and beliefs of other cultures (Wood, 2011). This means that any culture could be superior or inferior depending on the person interpreting the values. With this knowledge, however, it is important to recognize that every culture should be appreciated. A stereotype is a kind of belief about an individual or a group of people. It is a generalization of a group of people or individual that does not allow social variation or individual differences. Stereotypes arise from images found in mass

The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) isn't wrong. It just doesn't go Essay - 1

The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) isn't wrong. It just doesn't go far enough. Discuss - Essay Example by the quÐ °ntity betÐ ° (ÃŽ ²) in the finÐ °nciÐ °l industry, Ð °s well Ð °s the expected return of the mÐ °rket Ð °nd the expected return of Ð ° theoreticÐ °l risk-free Ð °sset. The cÐ °pitÐ °l Ð °sset pricing model (CÐ PM) theory Ð °ssumes thÐ °t Ð °n investor expects Ð ° yield on Ð ° certÐ °in security equivÐ °lent to the risk free rÐ °te (sÐ °y thÐ °t rÐ °te Ð °chievÐ °ble on six-month TreÐ °sury bills) plus Ð ° premium bÐ °sed on mÐ °rket vÐ °riÐ °bility of return X Ð ° mÐ °rket risk premium. In Winter 1991, the mÐ °rket risk premium on listed U.S. common stocks Ð °ppeÐ °rs to hÐ °ve been Ð °bout 6.5%, Ð °ccording to stÐ °tistics published in the QuÐ °rterly Review, Winter 1991, by the FederÐ °l Reserve BÐ °nk of New York (though the Ibbotson study found it to exceed 8% from the mid 1920s through 1987). Thus in Ð ° period of 4% inflÐ °tion, the T-bill rÐ °te might be Ð °ppropriÐ °tely 4.5 to 5%; Ð ° four- or five-yeÐ °r TreÐ °sury note should hÐ °ve Ð ° yield of 5.5 to 6%; TreÐ °sury bonds should yield Ð ° percent higher thÐ °n this; Ð °nd corporÐ °te bond yields should hÐ °ve even higher returns to co mpensÐ °te for their Ð °dditionÐ °l credit or business risk. The cÐ °pitÐ °l Ð °sset pricing model for this scenÐ °rio suggests thÐ °t Ð °nnuÐ °l returns on low-betÐ ° electric utility might be .05 + .50 betÐ ° (.065) = 8.25%. Ð bout 75% of this might come from dividends Ð °nd the bÐ °lÐ °nce from expected growth in dividends over Ð °n extended time period. By contrÐ °st, Ð °n Ð °verÐ °ge stock with Ð ° betÐ ° of 1.00 should provide Ð ° rÐ °te of return of 4.5 to 5.0% plus the mÐ °rket premium of 6.5% or between 11 Ð °nd 12%. Ð  high-betÐ ° stock (one operÐ °ting in Ð ° cyclicÐ °l industry, for exÐ °mple) with Ð ° betÐ °, or relÐ °tive mÐ °rket volÐ °tility in price, of 1.50 should provide Ð ° mÐ °rket return of 5.0% + 1.50 (0.065) or Ð °bout 15%. We could convert these from eÐ °rnings price rÐ °tios to price-eÐ °rnings (P-E) rÐ °tios Ð °nd determine thÐ °t the electric utilities, in this scenÐ °rio, should trÐ °de Ð °t Ð °bout Ð ° 12 Ãâ€" P-E rÐ °tio Ð °nd the high-betÐ °

PSYCHOLOGY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

PSYCHOLOGY - Essay Example It is a perfect example of what life is all about, and how to lead a righteous life. The tests reveal a hidden bias just like it is meant to disclose. I completed two demonstration implicit preferences tests: one for skin tone and the other for age. Skin tone IAT reveals automatic preference for light skin compared to dark skin. I believed that my preference for light skin to dark skin was neutral. This means that I do not have any automatic preference for any skin tone. The results from the demonstration tests show that I have â€Å"little to no automatic preference between Light Skinned People and Dark Skinned People†. Age IAT is a test that often shows the level of automatic preference for the young over old people. In this test, I gave my answer as preferring old over the young. The results, however, indicate that I have a high level of preference for the young over the old. Strong automatic preference for the young over old is 35%, moderate automatic preference is 29%, while slight automatic preference is 16%. Overall results show that I have â€Å"a mo derate automatic preference for Young compared to Old†. From these results I have learnt that I have some hidden bias. This could affect intercultural communication because of the unknown bias towards certain communities or cultures. Ethnocentrism is the consideration of one’s culture as superior to others, so that, the culture and its practices are used as a standard for interpreting norms, communication, values and beliefs of other cultures (Wood, 2011). This means that any culture could be superior or inferior depending on the person interpreting the values. With this knowledge, however, it is important to recognize that every culture should be appreciated. A stereotype is a kind of belief about an individual or a group of people. It is a generalization of a group of people or individual that does not allow social variation or individual differences. Stereotypes arise from images found in mass

Article Critique Essay Example for Free

Article Critique Essay The author of this article is a Canadian who has raised the alarm on the increasing number poverty stricken people hence springing up of ghettos in big cities. The author rhetorically is asking a question whether there are ghettos in Canadian cities. The author is coming up with many ghetto synonyms but yet they are of not the same meaning. The name like enclave sound more ethnical and it has been described as a grouping of people from the same ethnic group living in a low income earning or a poor neighbourhood. The article pinpoints that in the year 2001 families residing in high poverty levels doubled the year 1981. The message in the article is directed to the authorities in these cities to get warned of a looming crisis and look for ways to alter the trend. The message is not has to any group that it mentions that is the people from the enclaves and the ghettos. The article has outlined many causes of ghettos in Canadian cities. Poverty has been rated as the number one cause and this article gives figures from the research to substantiate its claim. The exact time is given when immigration policy of Canada was changed and the change swung Canada into a cultural and social crisis or socio cultural crisis. According to the authorities and the research that has been carried out immigration puts Canadian cities on spotlight of having many poor neighbourhoods. The author also makes a comparison between Canadian and American cities whereby Canadian cities are going more enclave than ghettos in America. In American cities the traditional definition of a ghetto is a residential district that concentrates racial Enclave tends to collect people of the same ethnic background together while ghettos collect poor people from various ethnic backgrounds. In both cases, people involved are affected by poverty and low income level. From one of the researches that have been done, the article reveals that an alarm was raised about the growth of neighbourhood poverty in Canada. The article pinpoints groups of people who make up the population who end up to the ghettos. Their background is partly covered by poverty and the article further expose that these are immigrants from Asia, Africa, West Indies and Latin America. The research that was conducted showed that between 1971 and 2001 is the period when the majority of the Canadian population was born in the back mentioned countries. Nevertheless, some cities like London there are no ghettos and this is due to the efforts of the councils. However, I take the article head to mention that it does not clearly outline and show the consequences of the increasing population in ghettos and mushrooming of ghettos and enclaves. In many a times these nighbourhoods have been associated with crime and drugs. Does is it mean the researches that were conducted didn’t capture these common phenomenon that is associated with ghettos? Furthermore, the article does not highlight any ways that have been adopted to combat the expanding ghettos and enclaves without necessarily disrupting the social cultural set of these people in the ghettos. Reference: Walks, A. R. Bourney, L. S. (2006). The Canadian Geographer Publication:

Credibility and Uses of Psychological Experimental Evidence

Credibility and Uses of Psychological Experimental Evidence Abstract Experimental psychology is the aspect of psychological science that explores the human mind and its perceptions and behaviors through experimental methodologies and subsequent interpretation of the obtained results. Again, â€Å"evidence-based practice in psychology is the integration of the best available research with clinical expertise in the context of patient characteristics, culture, and preferences† (American Psychologist, 2006). This definition is in line with the one advocated by the Institute of Medicine (2001) that says, â€Å"Evidence-based practice is the integration of best research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values† (Sackett, Straus, Richardson, Rosenberg, Haynes, 2000, p. 147). Experimental psychological research makes use of controlled conditions in experiments to conclude about the validity of a hypothesis and evidence-based practice in psychology constitutes a large part of it. This essay attempts to discuss the various experimental evidences used in psychology and form an opinion on the usefulness and credibility of those evidences. How Good is Psychological Experimental Evidence Evidences from experimental psychology are of interest to researchers working on human behavior, brain mechanics, neurology, and so on; regardless of where these are performed either within the laboratory or outside of it, human beings form the major part of the experiment. The primary goals of experimental psychological research are to be most cost effective, improve quality and increase accountability. However, the psychological community—including both scientists and practitioners—is concerned that evidence-based practice initiatives not be misused as a justification for inappropriately restricting access to care and choice of treatments (American Psychologist, 2006). Experimental psychology and its psychological approaches broadly deal with psychoanalysis, behaviorism, and cognitive psychology. Since psychoanalysis explores the mind and explains its behavior, it is of prime importance; that said, it has been argued that psychoanalysis is overrated, as it is only able to explain the behavior after it has occurred and not make any helpful advance predictions. Behaviorism explains a wide range of behaviors from language usage to moral values using the principles of behavior shaping, generalization, reinforcement etc. Behaviorists were able to come up with moderately consistent predictions but absolute predictions for individuals was not possible. Cognitive psychology, on the other hand, follows a very scientific approach to explain primarily non-discernable mental processes through experiments and models. The empirical approach to psychology is questioned by the advocates of the humanistic approach who lay emphasis on individual conscious experience and disregard experimental evidence. They stress on subjective perception and understanding rather than objective reality. The argument put forward by the humanists says that human behavior is the sum of one’s feelings and aura, and is shaped by the perception and understanding of one’s environment. Thus, humanists contend the experimentalists on the premise that a perspective of the whole person is important to settle on any outcome; one should look through the ‘observer’ lens as well as the ‘observed’ lens. The humanists are advocates of free will and reject determinism; they do not support scientific approach and are not concerned with predictions and control over human behavior. The right of the individual to control and dissect one’s own behavior is endorsed by humanists. In ‘Psychology as a Means of Promoting Human Welfare’, Miller criticizes the controlling view of psychology, suggesting that â€Å"understanding should be the main goal of the subject as a science, as he asks, who will do the controlling and whose interests will be served by it? â€Å" (Miller, 1969). Psychological experimental evidence can be valid in evidence based practice as it gives a data point on the theories that are being explored. It is about integrating individual clinical expertise and the best external evidence (Sackett, Straus, Richardson, Rosenberg, Haynes, 1996). Thus the external evidence provided by scientific approach like statistical methods is helpful in making deductions that in turn assist in forming the foundation for evidence based medicine. An experiment by Cathy Faulkner, to substantiate the use of confidence intervals for estimation is a case in point. In her study, she â€Å"asked a group of leading clinical researchers to think of a clinical trial that they have designed and then to think of the most central question in the trial. 81% of the respondents thought that it was – is there an effect? Then she asked them to rate the importance of three possible questions: 1) is there an effect? (2) How large is the effect, and (3) how clinically imp ortant is the effect? Given those prompts her expert respondents rated all three as highly important. In other words, their first response was influenced by their automatic dichotomous thinking but when prompted they immediately recognized that a trial psychological therapy is only useful if it tells us how large an effect the therapy is likely to give and how clinically important that is. So, estimation, meaning confidence intervals, is what we need for fullest information about the size of an effect and the best basis for assessing its clinical importance† (Cumming, 2012). The value of experimental evidence lies in the fact that it is able to provide a basis for future research and enable replication of the same, wherein a number of psychologists, after skillful experimentation would come up with similar answers. For example, in experiments on effects of drug habits, the experimental results would almost always validate stress as a consequence of drug abuse. Thus by replication of results and consequent corroboration of facts, a theory is likely to gain acceptance. Nonetheless, the limitations of the empirical approach following a specific scientific methodology are many: Since psychology deals mostly with humans, and no two human conditions can be the same, the results are never absolute. Moreover, human behavior changes with time and so would the results of experiments. In establishing causes for incidents, psychologists take the deterministic view and discount the peripheral variables that influence human behavior and ones they have no control over. Also the range of paradigms in psychology makes it difficult to advocate a universal law for any occurrence/observation. Again, since most of the parameters are unobservable, like memory, and some immeasurable, testability becomes an issue in such experiments. â€Å"Whenever psychologists involved in research or practice move from observations to inferences and generalizations, there are inherent risks of idiosyncratic interpretations, overgeneralizations, confirmatory biases, and similar errors in judgment† (Dawes, Faust, Meehl, 2002). Objectivity is almost impossible in some cases. Thus, integral to use of psychological experimental evidence and â€Å"clinical expertise is an awareness of the limits of one’s knowledge and skills and attention to the heuristics and biases— both cognitive and affective—that can affect clinical judgment† (American Psychologist, 2006). Judgmental errors and volatility of psychological experimentation is exhibited clearly in the 1971 Stanford prison experiment led by researcher Phillip Zimbardo, held in the basement of the psychology building at Stanford University. The objective of this experiment was to test a hypothesis on prison behavior, how captivity influences and changes an individual’s response and behavior. Zimbardo and his team wanted to find out if the cause of abusive behavior in prisons was the inherent personality traits of the prison officials. The participants of the prison simulation experiment, including Zimbardo himself got so engrossed in the characters they were playing (after sessions of de-individualization, disorientation and de-personalization) that it turned dangerous for the them and they were forced to stop it after 6 days. However, it was concluded that the situation is the biggest influence on a person’s behavior rather than the individual’s character. The Stanford prison experiment was an eye opener for ethical issues regarding psychological experiments using living subjects. It led to creation of better safeguards for the participants and meticulous scrutiny before embarking on experiments. It became imperative to demonstrate the necessity of the experiment and show how it would contribute to the advancement of psychology, and also provide clear option of opting out of the set up if it gets uncomfortable for the subject. Concerns on informed consent have also been dealt with to uphold the safety and health of subjects. Several other pioneering experiments like Stanley Milgram’s Obedience to authority experiment in 1974, Ivan Pavlov’s classical Conditioning experiment way back in 1903, Henry Harlow’s Emotional Attachment in rhesus monkeys have employed living subjects; the answerability thus automatically escalates when using such participants. In conclusion, it is clear that psychological experimental evidence plays an integral part in the progress of psychology; however, the researcher needs to strike a balance and critically decide on the need for empirical approach in preference to humanistic approach. Studies designed to investigate the credibility of psychological theories and explain certain behavior patterns by isolating situational controls using living subjects (human or animal) need to be handled with utmost care and precaution. The researcher should be in a position to adequately address any ethical issues that might arise out of the experimental set up. It is to be borne in mind that humans are prone to error and judgment might be prejudiced in some cases; it is important to be prepared for these contingencies. To tackle the concerns from humanists and warrant the use of experimental evidence, Slife and Williams (1995)have suggested: †¢ We need to try at least to strive for scientific methods because we need a rigorous discipline. If we abandon our search for unified methods, well lose a sense of what psychology is. †¢ We need to keep trying to develop scientific methods that are suitable to studying human behavior it may be that the methods adopted by the natural sciences are not appropriate for us. References American Psychologist, Vol 61(4), May-Jun 2006, 271-285. Cumming, G. (2012, June). Australian Psychological Society. Retrieved December 4, 2014, from http://www.psychology.org.au/inpsych/2012/june/cumming/ Dawes, R. M., Faust, D., Meehl, P. E. (2002). Clinical versus actuarial judgment. In T. Gilovich D. Griffin (Eds.), Heuristics and biases: The psychology of intuitive judgment (pp. 716 –729). New York: Cambridge University Press. Institute of Medicine. (2001).Crossing the quality chasm: A new health system for the 21st century. Washington, DC: National Academies Press. Miller, George A. Psychology as a means of promoting human welfare. American Psychologist, Vol 24(12), Dec 1969, 1063-1075. Sackett, D. L., Straus, S. E., Richardson, W. S., Rosenberg, W., Haynes, R. B. (2000). Evidence based medicine: How to practice and teach EBM (2nd ed.). London: Churchill Livingstone. Sackett, D. L., Rosenberg, W. M., Gray, J. A., Haynes, R. B., Richardson, W. S. (1996). Evidence based medicine: What it is and what it isn’t. British Medical Journal, 312, 71–72.

Jetliner by Naoshi Koriyama Essay -- essays research papers

â€Å"Jetliner† Now he takes his mark At the farthest end of the runway Looking straight ahead, eager, intense With his sharp eyes shining He takes a deep, deep breath With his powerful lungs Expanding his massive chest His burning heart beating like thunders Then†¦ after a few†¦ tense moments†¦ of pondering He roars at his utmost And slowly beings to job Kicking the dark earth hard And now he begins to run Kicking the dark earth harder Then he dashes, dashes like mad, like mad Howling, shouting, screaming, and roaring Then with a most violent kick He shakes off the earth’s pull Softly lifting himself into the air Soaring higher and higher and higher still Piercing the sea of clouds Up into the chandelier of stars -Naoshi Koriyama   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In this poem, Naoshi Koriyama portrays a large and powerful Jetliner as a simple runner or long jumper. It has been disputed if Naoshi is really speaking of a long jumper, and not a runner, in this analysis I hope to prove that Naoshi is really speaking of a long jumper starting his run and lunging himself into the air. I will also break down each individual stanza and present its Imagery and compare the Jetliner to the Long jumper. Now he takes his mark At the farthest end of the runway Looking straight ahead, eager, intense With his sharp eyes shining In this stanza he shows the runner’s thoughts and intense few moments before he begins to run. The runner waits impatiently, looking at his mark a few meters away, wa...